A Step-By-Step Guide To Beekeeping In Edmonton
If you’re thinking about keeping honeybees you’ve probably come across the City of Edmonton’s Urban Beekeeping Page. If so, you’ve read about four steps, city guidelines, swarm plans, PID numbers, and provincial agriculturalists. And if you’re like me, you’re probably a little confused, overwhelmed, and still unclear about what to do. Do not worry. For clarity, I’ve deconstructed and reassembled the Edmonton Beekeeping application process into a dozen baby-steps. By completing the following checklist, you’ll have everything you need to start beekeeping in Edmonton.
1. Know What You’re Getting Into
Honeybees are living, breathing creatures and require a level of commitment that’s worth considering. As a beekeeper, expect to inspect your bees every 7 to 10 days. Why 7 to 10? Honeybees can build up, run out of space, start making a new queen and swarm in a little over ten days. In addition to monitoring for diseases, you’ll need to give them more room as needed continuously.
It’s also worth considering a second hive. Setting up two hives may be more expensive, but it will also give you the most options. A second hive gives you the ability to transfer honey, pollen, or brood from a stronger to a weaker hive. If one hive goes queenless and doesn’t have any eggs to make a new queen, you can supplement it from your healthy hive. Two hives in not twice as must work but it is a beekeeping best practice.
2. Find A Suitable Location
The best place to put a hive is where it’s convenient and safe to do so. This means avoiding high traffic areas and keeping your bees where you can see and access them. I inspect all of my hives every 7 to 10 days, but I’ll be the first to tell you that the two hives in my backyard get the most attention. I see them every day and have a pretty good idea what’s going on inside even without opening them.
You’ll want to face the entrance of the hive away from any foot traffic. I like to leave a good 10 feet of room in front of the hive so that the bees can come and go relatively easy. I also like to leave some room behind and beside the hive because that’s where you’ll do most of your managing.
Honeybees are diurnal (the opposite of nocturnal) and thus benefit from some sun exposure. In addition to using the sun as a reference point when communicating directions, direct sun exposure will warm the hive each morning and signal that it’s time to start foraging. Southern exposure is great if you can offer it.
In his book “The Practical Beekeeper“, Michael Bush lists eight hive location criteria in order of decreasing importance. The list is as follows:
- Safety
- Convenient Access
- Good Forage
- Not in your way
- Full sun
- Not in a low-lying area
- Out of the wind
- Access to water
The City of Edmonton’s Urban Beekeeping Guidelines require that:
- Locat hive in the rear yard of the property
- Hives are 25m from public spaces such as a school or playgrounds
- Hive entrances are facing away from adjacent properties
- Hives are located 3m away from property lines or separated by a 1.5m (~5 foot) tall solid fence.
It’s worth noting that if you’re placing a hive on someone else’s property within the City of Edmonton, you’ll need to get a permission letter to attach to your Edmonton Beekeeping application.
3. Sketch Your Hive Location
Google screenshot of the beehives located at the Edmonton Zoo
Make a sketch of your hive’s location because the City of Edmonton is going to want to see it as part of your Edmonton beekeeping application. Don’t worry if you’re not an artist. I’ve given them a picture of two rectangles – one my yard and one the beehive within it. The City primarily wants to know that you’re following the four requirements set out in their guidelines. You’ll be asked to attach a copy of this sketch while completing your application which is why I like to use Google Maps, though, taking a picture of a drawing should also work.
4. Take A Beekeeping Course
Books are a great source of information – two that I’d recommend are Micheal’s Bush’s “The Practical Beekeeper” and Noah Rich-Wilson’s “The Bee: A Natural History“. But there’s nothing like taking a beekeeping class and being able to interact with an actual beekeeper – even better if the class has a hands-on component.
The City of Edmonton requires that all new beekeepers take an approved beekeeping course. A complete list of Approved Edmonton Urban Beekeeping Courses is on their website. Shamelessly, I’ll mention the beekeeping classes I teach twice each spring and fall at the City’s John Janzen Nature Centre? The course consists of a full day of theory followed by a half day of hands-on experience inspecting my hives. Read more about the John Janzen Beekeeping Course here.
5. Find A Mentor AND/OR Join Local Beekeeping Communities
To get a beekeeping license, the City of Edmonton requires that you have a mentor. Mostly, they want to know that you’re supported by a beekeeping community – that you’re not going it alone. From experience, I do not believe that a mentorship arrangement needs to be formal. If you know a beekeeper, approach them. If not, reach out to one or more of the following online communities:
- The Royal Alberta Urban Beekeeping Collective
- Edmonton Urban Beekeepers
- YEG Bees
- DustinBajer.com
- Edmonton District Beekeepers Association
- Red Deer Beekeepers
- Calgary & Area Beekeepers
6. Determine Your Swarm and Disease Prevention Plan
As part of your Edmonton Beekeeping application, you’ll have to include a swarm and disease prevention plan. This will be easier to do after having completed a beekeeping course but will undoubtedly include regular inspections to ensure that the bees don’t run out of space. With regular inspections, you’ll be able to prevent or catch diseases before they become major concerns.
7. Source Your Equipment
With the advent of the internet, you can order equipment from all over the world, though, there’s a good supply of local beekeeping equipment. The largest local supplier of equipment (hives, smokers, veils, etc.honeybees) is Beemaid in Spruce Grove, though, you can sometimes find equipment at Peaveymarts. If you want to order online and still support a local business, check out HiveWorld.ca.
Of course, I design, build, and sell Beecentric Hives. I won’t push you into my design as I’ve written various articles on hive design and my bee-centred approach to beekeeping. Here are a few that are relevant to choosing a hive that will work best for you (and the bees):
- 5 Common Hive Problems And How To Fix Them
- 11 Beekeeping Tips Every Beginner Should Know
- What Is The Beecentric Hive?
- Natural Beekeeping With Warre Hives
8. Source Your Honeybees
Generally speaking, there are two ways to acquire bees- packages and nucleus colonies (nucs). Both cost around $200 (plus/minus $30) depending on the year.
- Packages – approximately a kilogramme of bees and a mated queen. Order in the new year for mid-April to mid-May pick up. Alberta Beemaid is the largest supplier of packages in Alberta.
- Nucs – typically five deep frames with bees, eggs, open and closed brood, and a laying queen. Order in the spring for late May or early June pick up. For nucs, I would suggest Woodstock Estate Apiaries out of Strathcona County. Woodstock is using Saskatraz breed of bee that I find does better than most imported varieties.
9. Notify The Neighbours
The City of Edmonton’s Beekeeping Guidelines states that you must notify your adjacent neighbours in writing but that you do not require their permission. In my experience, neighbours have been very supportive, though, this will likely depend on your existing relationship and their risk tolerance. Feel free to reference this post I wrote about neighbourhood hives:
Make a copy of your notification letter so that you can attach it to your Edmonton Beekeeping application.
10. Apply for a Premises Identification (PID) Number
In the Province of Alberta, all livestock (including bees) must have a registered Premises ID number. This PID number is part of a traceability program keeps track of all the livestock in Alberta. Among other things, this information is crucial in the prevention and spread of diseases. Click here for more on Alberta’s PID Program.
To create an Alberta PID number, sign in or create a free login on the PID program website. Once logged in, click “Add New Premises” and follow the directions. Create a PID number for each location or bee yard. You do not need a PID number for each hive. A copy of your PID number will be mailed to you and appear online. This process only needs to be completed once (per bee yard).
Keep a copy of your PID number handy as you’ll need to submit it to the City as part of your application. You’ll also need it to purchase medications from suppliers like Beemaid.
11. Register with the Provincial Apiculturalist
The Province of Alberta requires every beekeeper to register with the provincial apiculturalist every year before June 30th. The process is easy, free, and quick. Simply complete the Beekeeper Registration form and mail, email, or fax a copy to the province. This process provides the province with important information such as the number of hives and winter survival rates.
12. Apply For Your Edmonton Beekeeping License
Once you’ve completed the steps above, you’ll have everything you need to apply for an Edmonton Beekeeping license via the City’s Web Application. Once you submit your application, you’ll receive a notification email. Within a few weeks, you should receive your beekeeping license in the mail.
13. Join the Edmonton Swarm Catchers’ List
Now that you’re a member of the Edmonton beekeeping community, join a swarm catching list! My favourite (full disclosure – I run it) is Edmonton Swarm Catchers’ List and it works by signing up with your smartphone. When a member of the knows of a swarm they unable to get to, the entire community is notified. Click here to find out more about the list and to sign up.
